Drug Abuse And Its Effects On Society - 2072 Words

Drug Abuse is quickly becoming a popular trend in today’s society. This trend encompasses all ages of people, as younger individuals are becoming more rapidly attracted to drug abuse. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), it is estimated that 24.6 million adults aging twelve and older suffer from addiction, which amounts to approximately 9.4% of the United States’ population. This abuse is not limited to a single class of individuals. Houchins adds that â€Å"Drug abuse affects people from all walks of life and all socioeconomic statuses.† Some of the drugs included in these statistics are marijuana, methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, and bath salts to just name a few. In today’s society, drug abuse is a problem because it†¦show more content†¦How would you feel if you or a loved one was a victim of a drug related crime? What if this crime resulted in your death or the death of a loved one? According to Sergeant, Watson, with a local Fire Department, which is located in the middle of drug territory to which they have a very high drug abuse rate: On the firetruck we run all overdose calls. We’ve seen a substantial increase in the trafficking of meth in the recent months. We have also noticed that there is a spike in Heroin and pill use more often during exams in local schools. We’ve ran calls where a 16-year-old was having a stroke during a math class as a result of an overdose, and on another call, we found a female student unresponsive and barely breathing from opiate based drug use. We have also begun to notice a trend with middle schoolers beginning to experiment with weed due to their parents having it in their homes. It appears that drug use is everywhere no matter where you turn. Drugs have even began to enter the schools. Drugs entering schools are putting kids at a higher risk of being exposed to the drug as well as giving them the option of getting addicted to them. Children are notorious for picking up habits from those around them. Therefore, if they are around individuals, specifically parents, that are doing drugs, they are more than likely going to pick up the habit for themselves, such as what Sergeant Watson noted about the middleShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drug Abuse On Society Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pageshave all felt the effects of drug abuse. In other words, whether it affects an individual directly or indirectly every person has seen or felt the negative effects of drug abuse in our society. The ultimate question, is why does such an abounding amount of Americans abuse illicit drugs, and how does it affect us as a nation? Moreover, something such as this doesn t occur for w ithout a distinct cause, there must be something occurring in our society that creates these illicit drug abusers. CorrespondinglyRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On Society1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdecision to do one thing that can change your life forever. As you may already know, drugs can be some of the best things known to mankind-they solve illnesses, provide some relief from the killer pollen levels, and even stop that annoying nasal congestion you get in the winter season. Although many people don t think about it often, drugs can be just as dangerous as they are good if too much or too many are taken. Drug abuse is a very serious problem that can often lead to serious health complicationsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effect On Society Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Course Date Introduction A drug is a chemical substance applied into treating, diagnosing and preventing one from disease infections or a substance that is used by a person to enhance his or her physical and mental state in the perceived effect. Drugs used for different purposes and their effect depend on which cause for usage. It causes both positive and negative consequences directly to the user and in the long-run it affects the whole society or community. Drug addiction is the activity of uncontrollableRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On Society1521 Words   |  7 PagesIn American society, drugs have influenced many people and have created many downfalls within their lives. Despite the thought of harmful consequences in one’s life, drug abuse has changed an individual’s way of thinking and how their body operates. People who have participated in drug use find it difficult to stop because it leads to serious addiction. The changes in their brain control their thoughts making it challeng ing for that individual to stop using drugs. Today, drug abuse leaves a negativeRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Its Effects On The Society1520 Words   |  7 Pagesfor pleasure. Abuse of prescription drugs is a huge issue in our country, although many people use them solely for medical reasons, most people do not. According to Nora D. Wolkow, M.D., â€Å"An estimated 52 million people (20 percent) of those aged 12 and older) have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons at least once in their lifetime.† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). This is now extremely common and is only becoming a bigger problem by the day. Prescription drug abuse causes a cripplingRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Drug Abuse On People, Families, Friends And Society1013 Words   |  5 PagesThis research paper will explain why alcohol and drug abuse have a negative impact on people, families, friends and society. The abuse of alcohol and drugs knows no boundaries, it does not discrimi nate. It affects rich and poor, black and white, young and old. Many people don’t consider alcohol as a drug since it is â€Å"legal† after age 21, but in reality it is one of the most addictive â€Å"legal† substances on the planet. They don’t realize that they have a problem when in reality what they have is anRead MoreThe Movie The Wolf On Wall Street Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesDaring to Defy Drug Abuse If you have ever seen the movie The Wolf on Wall Street, there is no doubt you have seen the effects drugs can have. Leonardo DiCaprio portrays a high-strung stock broker reliant on a multitude of illegal drugs to keep up with his hectic life style. His addiction gets so severe that at one point in the movie, he is lying on the floor, unable to move due to the drugs’ effects on his body. Even though the movie is set in the 90’s, a decade infamous for its use of drugs, today, drugRead MoreAddiction and Society1244 Words   |  5 PagesAddiction and Society Sociology Professor Trembicki February 22, 2013 Abstract Drug addiction is a disease that damages addicts, their families, communities, the economy, and society. Addiction has a widespread reach: from dealing with unpredictable and often dangerous addicts at home to the costs incurred by society as a whole. As the population of addicts rises and the average age of an addict is younger, society is forced to deal with a pressing matter. Addiction is no longer limitedRead MoreEssay on Burn the Fuse of Drug Abuse667 Words   |  3 PagesAddiction and abuse of drugs have remained an unexplainable circumstance, even till today. A mistaken assumption is that drug abusers lack moral principles, and if given a chance or in the presence of will power, their selections could be altered. In reality, drug addiction is known as a complex disease and requires more than will power or mere good intentions to change. Due to the fact that drug addiction could change the way the brain works, with time, the brain promotes compulsive drug abuse. It is diffic ultRead More Drug Abuse in the United States Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Abuse in the United States of America In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the userand all those with whom the user

Analysis of Achebes Impartiality in Chinua Achebes...

Achebes Impartiality In Things Fall Apart Knowledge of Africa and the inhabitants of the massive continent were often portrayed as barbaric beasts by the first missionaries to enter the land. Because of skewed writings by European missionary workers, a picture was painted for their readership of a savage Africa saved only by the benevolent, civilized western influence. Achebe successfully attempts to redirect this attitude. Achebe educationally has the means to convey a different perspective, an advantage most other individuals of his culture lack. In his novel Things Fall Apart, rather than glorifying the Ibo culture, or even offering a new view, Achebe acts as a pipeline for information to flow freely without partiality.†¦show more content†¦The accumulation of a congregation was a slow process. Mr. Kiaga, the interpreter in charge of the congregation, was firm and it was this trait that saved the young church (157, Ach). His strong faith and new beliefs were inspirational to those clansmen that had ever ques tioned the Ibo practices. Mr. Brown, a white missionary, was characterized as respected even by the clan (178, Ach). Mr. Brown was even offered a gift by one of the neighboring villages, which was a sign of his dignity and rank (179, Ach). He did not simply preach his ideas, but educated himself in the tribes culture through conversations with the clansmen. Mr. Brown opened a school and hospital in Umofia. And it was not long before the people began to say that the white mans medicine was quick in working. Mr. Browns school produced quick results (181, Ach). Achebe chooses to characterize a missionary such as Mr. Brown favorably to create for the reader a respectable and exemplary view of the missionary. This benevolent perception of missionaries is neutralized with Mr. Browns contrast: Reverend James Smith. When Reverend James Smith is sent to replace the ill Mr. Brown, things reroute. Reverend James Smith openly disputed Mr. Browns policy of compromise andShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesglobalization, both of which can be seen as hallmarks of the opening decades of the twentieth century. This intermingling of the forces and processes that were arguably essential components 2 †¢ INTRODUCTION of two epochs we routinely set apart as centuries suggests the need for flexibility in demarcating phases of world history, and for determining beginnings and endings that accord with major shifts in political and socioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary

Integrated Marketing Communications for Woolworths- myassignmenthelp

Questin: Discuss about theIntegrated Marketing Communications for Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction: The report gives an overview of integrated marketing communications for a company in Australia. The company chosen here is Woolworths Limited (Woolworths.com.au /Shop/Discover/about-us 2018). Woolworths Group represents a major Australian company with extensive interest in the retail. This is the second largest retailer in Australia in terms of revenue. The report commences with a brief overview of the company. There is also a discussion on the promotional mix with an insight on advertising, sales promotion, public relation and personal selling. The report also discusses the strategies adopted by the company to enhance its personal selling that will give it an edge over its competitors. Brief Overview of the Company: Woolworths Limited Companies represents a compilation of the chains, divisions and brands of the Woolworths Limited, a major Australian company having retail interest throughout Australia and New Zealand (Woolworths.com.au 2018). It is represented as the largest food retailer of Australia. Further, Woolworth Limited is not only one of the prominent liquor retailer of Australia but also the largest gaming poker machine and hotel operator of Australia. Thus, the primary operations of the Woolworth brand include supermarkets, liquor retailing, management of the pubs and hotels under the hospitality and leisure group umbrella and discounted departmental stores. Promotional Mix: The promotional mix represents a combination of the promotional methods used for a single product or the family of the products (Armstrong et al., 2014). The elements of the promotional mix to be discussed in this report includes advertising, sales promotion, public relation and personal selling. Advertising: Woolworth represents the major display advertisers in the newspaper that is creative enough for driving readers into action (Moriarty et al., 2014). The advertisements created by Woolworths scores across number of creative diagnostics thereby scoring above the average retail scores of advertising. Price as well as product plays a very important role in advertising of Woolworths. The retailer has implemented a new campaign based on price that runs on the television, radio, online, and print that emphasizes the value of Woolworths supermarket on an everyday basis instead of one-time discounts. Sales Promotion: The retailer puts forward various loyalty schemes for the customers including discounts for petrol pumps. The retailer also launched a people campaign based on fresh food. In addition, the retailer used various magazine, newsletters as well as online media for effective promotion (Teck and Cyril 2013). The availability and accessibility of the retailer made them win loyal customers. The retailer also gave away various gift cards and carried extensive promotional activity via the various online mediums. Public Relation: Woolworths has announced the appointment of professional public relations for ensuring support across its business related to its food group. The professional public relations will not only support the public relations head but also the community and the sponsorships at the Woolworths for undertaking national marketing and campaign activity (Russell and Lamme 2013). The professional public relations also ensures community activity and working with the marketing managers of the local store. The professional public relations would help in demonstrating the extensive experience in the supermarket sector along with unrivaled capacity with the help of their exclusive footprint for supporting the delivery of the campaigns undertaken by the retailer at the local and national level at the most effective and efficient manner. Personal Selling: Personal selling refers to the procedure where businesses make use of people for selling the product after meeting them on a one to one basis (Makhitha, Wies and Van 2014). The products are promoted by the sellers through not only their appearance and attitude but also knowledge of the product. The aim of personal selling is to either encourage or inform the customers for either buying or trialing the product. Woolsworth tries to personalize the shopping experience in its online shopping by ensuring the presence of pickers who handpicks the items just as the shoppers would actually do. Focusing on one of the Promotional Mix: Personal Selling The Woolworths Limited has put forward a three year strategy for winning the trust of the customers and enhances its share of personal selling through the implementation of lower prices along with improving all aspects of the shopping experience (Walsh 2014). Thus, the strategy implemented by the retailer will not only result in lower prices but greater innovation and compelling offers. The retailer has 14.6 million normal customers along with 500,000 customers online so it focuses more on the superiority of the freshness and an appealing range. The largest food retailer group of Australia tries in gaining customer trust along with a larger share of the shopping basket. This helps the company in regaining the sustainable momentum for sales for extending leadership. The retailer in order to enhance its personal selling focuses on three key principles which include: Improving the core offers so that it is preferred by the customers. The company also undertakes innovation for meeting the needs of the customers Enhancing its efficiency by creation of further value of the customers. For enhancing the personal selling experience Woolworths Limited implemented a major investment program (Pollamarasetty and Potti 2016). The retailer ensured $ 125 million price reductions for the customers thereby enhancing the value position of Woolworths at the competitive level. The retailer also ensured matching of the online pricing with the store pricing. The retailer also ensured a major focus in improving the freshness and range of the vegetables and fruits Woolworths also implemented a value and pricing strategy for neutralizing the impact of the competitor that included better ranging, lower pricing, offers to the targeted customers through an improved and revised loyalty system and detailed strategy for the improvement of its own brands (Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/woolworths-rewards 2018). The retailer also involved in refurbishments that ensured rebalancing of the capital expenditure between the existing store refurbishments and the new stores. The retailer in order to enhance personal sales plans to refurbish around 80 stores per annum. The refurbishments undertaken will be according to the preferences of the local customers will be prioritized as per the growth of the customers. Woolworths Limited however would continue development of around 20-30 newer stores in a year according to the population growth and for addressing the gaps within the networks. However for ensuring enhanced personal selling the retailer established a new division known as the Woolworths FoodCo. This section had the responsibility of the development of the newer categories of the product, improvement of the fresh supply of the meat along with its processing facilities and development of the relationships between the strategic sourcing and the primary partners of the industry (Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/pick-woolies 2018). However, as the part of the commitment for growing into food for now or food for the later categories, Woolworths announced the partnership with the Western Sydney based quality food manufacturer Beak Johnson for delivering the first dedicated facilities of ready to cook items. Thus, the given facilities will help in ensuring the range of the meals for the retailers. The existing strength of Woolworth will be harnessed by its food strategy. This is ensured by increasing the investment in multi channel experiences of the customers (Atapattu and Sedera 2013). To ensure enhanced personal selling the online pricing is brought at par with the store pricing available along with a range of the new click and collect locations that will open along with the drive thru collection of points for increasing the convenience of the customers. Woolworth also put forward a customer first system for the measurement of the performances of the teams within the stores with a newer eight metric scorecard thereby replacing the older twenty metric systems while placing the metrics of the customers at the top of rankings. However, the three year strategy for growth depends on the newer Lean Retail model for operation (Noda 2015). This model will help in delivering over $500 million cost reduction that would help in enhancing the experience of customers in terms of better convenience, improved access and service, lower prices and commitment towards the process of innovation. The entire Woolworths team worked together for improving and maintaining the position of the retailer. Thus the retailer represented a stronger business with ample potential for growth and Woolworth is aware of challenges that the retailer faces for realizing the potential. Thus, the supermarkets of Australia had been streamlined into a single division known as the Woolworths Food Group headed by Brad Banducci, the managing director. Conclusion: The report ends with an elaborate discussion on one of the promotional mixes that includes personal selling. There is also discussion on the other promotional mix like advertising, sales promotion, public relation and personal selling. The company chosen for the report is Woolworths Limited. The report also puts forward a brief overview of the company. It is found from the report that the retailer has an extremely customer centric processes that focuses primarily on the satisfaction of the customers. The process aspects of the supermarkets refer to the speedy billing of the goods bought both in the online and the offline mode. The retailer however makes sure that the procedure becomes faster through the use of the latest software for billing along with adequate staff support. The retailer in order to enhance personal selling takes feedback from the customers for constant innovation of the process and making it easier. References: Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Atapattu, M. and Sedera, D., 2013. Agility of the firm: customer's perspective. Makhitha, K.M., Wiese, M. and Van Heerden, G., 2014. Informing craft producers in South Africa: Improving visibility and product availability through market communication.Communicare: Journal for Communication Sciences in Southern Africa,33(2), pp.1-24. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Noda, T., 2015. Integration of lean operation and pricing strategy in retail.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,9(1), p.50. Pollamarasetty, S. and Potti, R., 2016. Omni-channel retailing: enriching customers shopping experience.Handbook of Research on Strategic Supply Chain Management in the Retail Industry,233. Russell, K.M. and Lamme, M.O., 2013. Public relations and business responses to the civil rights movement.Public Relations Review,39(1), pp.63-73. Teck Weng, J. and Cyril de Run, E., 2013. Consumers' personal values and sales promotion preferences effect on behavioural intention and purchase satisfaction for consumer product.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,25(1), pp.70-101. Walsh, B., 2014. Chain store retailing in Ireland: a case study of FW Woolworth Co. Ltd, 1914-2008.Journal of Historical Research in Marketing,6(1), pp.98-115. Woolworths.com.au 2018. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/about-us2018.[online]Availableat: https://www.woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/about-us [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018] Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/pick-woolies2018.[online]Availableat: https://www.woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/pick-woolies [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/woolworths-rewards2018.[online]Availableat: https://www.woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/woolworths-rewards [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018].

Japanese History an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Japanese History by Expert Bella Hamilton | 29 Dec 2016 Japan, as a nation, is a continually changing society. Ever since western nations became involved with Japan, it's changes over recent times have increased at a substantial rate. Japan now faces cultural, economical and social differences as a result of the western involvement. The involvement was initiated by the Japanese themselves, beginning during the Meiji Period1 through current times. As time increases, Japan is slowly becoming more 'westernized' because of western involvement. Western involvement is greatly affecting Japan. Need essay sample on "Japanese History" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Western involvement began in Japan during the late 1800's. The Meiji dynasty helped to carry it through, seeing the importance of western ideas. "Learn all you can from the Europeans and Americans"2 was what Emperor Meiji was saying to the Japanese in 1867. During this period, Japan agreed to change it's hereditary authority and class barriers between its people.3 Japan also opened their ports during this period4 and sold fuel to other countries such as the Us.5 The Japanese language took a major turn, too, with the addition of borrowed words from all over the world.6 Japan borrowed the American education system of elementary, middle school and universities during this time.7 A new western style army and universal military conscription program were soon set up by General Yamagata Autamo as well.8 College Students Very Often Tell Us:How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment today?Essay writers propose: Buy Essay Papers And Live Free From TroublesCheap Essay Writing Service A Website To Write Essays Help With Assignment Write My Essay Online The Meiji period was an important part of Japan's changing western ways. After World War II, Japan changed forever. With the Atomic bomb physically destroying their cities, and their defeat destroying their imperialistic mentalities, Japan was deeply wounded. Japan lost the respect of the world during the war and few people felt sorry for them. However, they were soon willing to accept the concepts and ideas from abroad.9 The Us helped Japan and showed them many new things to help them get on their feet again. We explained to them about the electric telegraph and soon after we even connected them with California's telegraphs.10 Many Japanese women started to wear western dresses or even sweaters and slacks.11 Japan changed politically as well. Japan became pided up into 47 prefectures, which are similar to American states. Japan has carried over America's democratic ideas of social freedom, economic independence, and democratic liberties and privileges Japan's government soon began the executive, legislative, and judicial branches seen in America seen after the war.13 These changes all became possible soon after the war with great financial aid from the Us.14 Japan's progress in America's modernization program was so fast, we had to begin recognizing Japan as a world power.15 After Japan's modernization program, Japanese life began to change less dramatically, but never stopped. Within recent times, many western- style appliances and such can be found in Japanese homes.16 The Japanese schools, based on America's, teach the same things in grade school as American schools.17 Many of the students are learning in these schools to take English language courses to help them as they get older.18 Sports today, are shaped similar to America's. Japan has carried over many sports from America including frisbees, jogging, skateboarding19, and baseball.20 Baseball is among their favorites and was brought over by an American teacher as far back as the late 1800s.21 Japanese baseball is made up of the same components of American baseball as well. For example, leagues in Tokyo are made up with leagues of 6 universities similar to our leagues.22 The Japanese have joined the Olympic game stream and now they are active participants and were even hosts for the 1964 Games.23 Many clubs after Japanese schools end were brought over from Western countries, too.24 Following the world trends, Japanese silk mills have turned largely to the spinning of synthetic fiber textiles, which was started from the west, to keep up with other countries in the silk trade.25 Many of the Japanese people now wear and even make western style clothing everyday, except for special occasions or relaxing at home.26 The family lives are even becoming similar to Western ways as the children get more respect and the members learn to voice their opinions in a household.27 Japan, with recent developments, needs to trade with other nations and learn from them.28 In summary, this paper Japan, with the growing western influence, is changing very rapidly. Japan survived the initial shock of the western impact only to run into the problems of the west today.29 Yet, Japan continues to try to overcome these challenges by every passing day. Japan is a much different country from the pre-1800s. Because of these changes, Japan has a different cultural living currently, with the introduction of baseball to Japan and other sports. Japan's economy has changed with the inclusion of American money and products in trade. Finally, Japan's political ideas have changed shape with our Democratic model which we've passed onto them. Japan is learning that the West has some rich ideas that it had been ignoring for centuries. BIBLIOGRAPHY Davidson, Judith. Japan - Where East Meets West. Minnesota: Dillon Press Inc., 1983. Greene, Carol. Enchantment of the World, Japan. Chicago: Regensteiner Publishing Enterprises Inc., 1983. Miller, Richard J. and Katoh, Lynn. Japan. New York: Franklyn Watts Inc., 1969. Pitts, Forrest R. Japan. Canada: Fideler Company., 1974. Reischauer, Edwin O. The United States and Japan. Massachusettes: Harvard University Press, 1965.

Free Essays on Reflections On Cesar Chavz And The Labor Movement

It’s amazing how much can change in just five years; although I’m not a rich man now, I am so much more hopeful and happy than I was back in 1965, before the Great Grape Boycott. When they grow up, my grandchildren will never believe the terrible conditions me and their grandmother lived in, and so perhaps they’ll never understand how far we’ve really come. In 1960, I was already married and had a child. The only way I could make ends meet was to follow the grape harvest and pick grapes, but the work was so much harder than it sounds. Back then, I only made ninety cents per hour, plus ten cents for every basket I picked. I didn’t mind having to work so hard every day, if the living conditions had only been a little better. I had to pay $2.00 per day just to live in a tiny little shack with no electricity or water, and since money was so tight, my 10 year old had to illegally work in the fields. I had resigned myself that life wasn’t going to get much better than this, and comforted myself with the knowledge that at least this was a better life than I would have had in Mexico. Then one day I ran across a flyer that asked Mexican agricultural workers to join the Filipino workers in striking against the Delano grape growers, so that our wages would be increased to $1.25 per hour. I had always thought that our back-breaking work was worth more than 90 cents an hour, so I went to the meeting. There, I saw Cesar Chavez, the leader of the movement. He gave an inspirational speech about demanding our rights as workers, and almost everyone there voted to join the strike. Once we went on strike in Delano, the growers though we were replaceable and they just hired other Chicano workers in our place. But every day, we would rotate what farms we would go to and picket, and more often than not, we would get those strikebreakers to join our strike. Then Cesar asked the country to boycott grapes, and explained our unjust working ... Free Essays on Reflections On Cesar Chavz And The Labor Movement Free Essays on Reflections On Cesar Chavz And The Labor Movement It’s amazing how much can change in just five years; although I’m not a rich man now, I am so much more hopeful and happy than I was back in 1965, before the Great Grape Boycott. When they grow up, my grandchildren will never believe the terrible conditions me and their grandmother lived in, and so perhaps they’ll never understand how far we’ve really come. In 1960, I was already married and had a child. The only way I could make ends meet was to follow the grape harvest and pick grapes, but the work was so much harder than it sounds. Back then, I only made ninety cents per hour, plus ten cents for every basket I picked. I didn’t mind having to work so hard every day, if the living conditions had only been a little better. I had to pay $2.00 per day just to live in a tiny little shack with no electricity or water, and since money was so tight, my 10 year old had to illegally work in the fields. I had resigned myself that life wasn’t going to get much better than this, and comforted myself with the knowledge that at least this was a better life than I would have had in Mexico. Then one day I ran across a flyer that asked Mexican agricultural workers to join the Filipino workers in striking against the Delano grape growers, so that our wages would be increased to $1.25 per hour. I had always thought that our back-breaking work was worth more than 90 cents an hour, so I went to the meeting. There, I saw Cesar Chavez, the leader of the movement. He gave an inspirational speech about demanding our rights as workers, and almost everyone there voted to join the strike. Once we went on strike in Delano, the growers though we were replaceable and they just hired other Chicano workers in our place. But every day, we would rotate what farms we would go to and picket, and more often than not, we would get those strikebreakers to join our strike. Then Cesar asked the country to boycott grapes, and explained our unjust working ...

Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park

Biography of the Scots Explorer Mungo Park Mungo Parka Scottish surgeon, and explorerwas sent out by the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior of Africa to discover the course of the River Niger. Having achieved a degree of fame from his first trip, carried out alone and on foot, he returned to Africa with a party of 40 Europeans, all of whom lost their lives in the adventure. Born: 1771, Foulshiels, Selkirk, ScotlandDied: 1806, Bussa Rapids, (now under the Kainji Reservoir, Nigeria) An Early Life Mungo Park was born in 1771, near Selkirk in Scotland, the seventh child of a well-to-do farmer. He was apprenticed to a local surgeon and undertook medical studies in Edinburgh. With a medical diploma and a desire for fame and fortune, Park set off for London, and through his brother-in-law, William Dickson, a Covent Garden seedsman, he got his opportunity. An introduction to Sir Joseph Banks, a famed English botanist, and explorer who had circumnavigated the world with Captain James Cook. The Allure of Africa The Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, of which Banks was treasurer and unofficial director, had previously funded (for a pittance) the exploration of an Irish soldier, Major Daniel Houghton, based at Goree on the West African coast. Two important questions dominated discussions about the interior of West Africa in the drawing room of the African Association: the exact site of the semi-mythical city of Timbuktu, and the course of the River Niger. Exploring the River Niger In 1795 the Association appointed Mungo Park to explore the course of the River Nigeruntil Houghton had reported that the Niger flowed from West to East, it was believed that the Niger was a tributary of either the river Senegal or Gambia. The Association wanted proof of the rivers course and to know where it finally emerged. Three current theories were: that it emptied into Lake Chad, that it curved round in a large arc to join the Zaire, or that it reached the coast at the Oil Rivers. Mungo Park set off from the River Gambia, with the aid of the Associations West African contact, Dr. Laidley who provided equipment, a guide, and acted as a postal service. Park started his journey dressed in European clothes, with an umbrella and a tall hat (where he kept his notes safe throughout the journey). He was accompanied by an ex-slave called Johnson who had returned from the West Indies, and a slave called Demba, who had been promised his freedom on completion of the journey. Parks Captivity Park knew little Arabiche had with him two books, Richardsons Arabic Grammar and a copy of Houghtons journal. Houghtons journal, which he had read on the voyage to Africa served him well, and he was forewarned to hide his most valuable gear from the local tribesmen. At his first stop with the Bondou, Park was forced to give up his umbrella and his best blue coat. Shortly after, in his first encounter with the local Muslims, Park was taken prisoner. Parks Escape Demba was taken away and sold, Johnson was considered too old to be of value. After four months, and with Johnsons aid, Park finally managed to escape. He had a few belongings other than his hat and compass but refused to give up the expedition, even when Johnson refused to travel further. Relying on the kindness of African villagers, Park continued on his way to the Niger, reaching the river on 20 July 1796. Park traveled as far as Segu (Sà ©gou) before returning to the coast. and then to England. Success Back in Britain Park was an instant success, and the first edition of his book Travels in the Interior Districts of Africa sold out rapidly. His  £1000 royalties allowed him to settle in Selkirk and set up medical practice (marrying Alice Anderson, the daughter of the surgeon to whom he had been apprenticed). Settled life soon bored him, however, and he looked for a new adventurebut only under the right conditions. Banks was offended when Park demanded a large sum to explore Australia for the Royal Society.​ Tragic Return to Africa Eventually in 1805 Banks and Park came to an arrangementPark was to lead an expedition to follow the Niger to its end. His part consisted of 30 soldiers from the Royal Africa Corps garrisoned at Goree (they were offered extra pay and the promise of a discharge on return), plus officers including his brother-in-law Alexander Anderson, who agreed to join the trip) and four boat builders from Portsmouth who would construct a forty-foot boat when they reached the river. In all 40 Europeans traveled with Park. Against logic and advice, Mungo Park set off from the Gambia in the rainy season – within ten days his men were falling to dysentery. After five weeks one man was dead, seven mules lost and the expeditions baggage mostly destroyed by fire. Parks letters back to London made no mention of his problems. By the time the expedition reached Sandsanding on the Niger only eleven of the original 40 Europeans were still alive. The party rested for two months but the deaths continued. By November 19 only five of them remained alive (even Alexander Anderson was dead). Sending the native guide, Isaaco, back to Laidley with his journals, Park was determined to continue. Park, Lieutenant Martyn (who had become an alcoholic on native beer) and three soldiers set off downstream from Segu in a converted canoe, christened the HMS Joliba. Each man had fifteen muskets but little in the way of other supplies. When Isaaco reached Laidley in the Gambia news had already reached the coast of Parks death – coming under fire at the Bussa Rapids, after a journey of over 1 000 miles on the river, Park and his small party were drowned. Isaaco was sent back to discover the truth, but the only remains to be discovered was Mungo Parks munitions belt. The irony was that having avoided contact with local Muslims by keeping to the center of the river, they were in turn mistaken for Muslim raiders and shot at.

Research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Research paper - Essay Example Though this term is more widely used in the realms of education, the term is also used in the area of disability rights and in the field of taxonomy. However, this paper will only focus on the inclusion regarding education. According to the Wisconsin Educational Association Council (2007), â€Å"inclusion remains a controversial concept in education because it relates to educational and social values, as well as to our sense of individual worth.† Generally, people who have other disabilities have not been able to attend regular classes due to there their physical or mental deficiencies, thus creating an atmosphere of being secluded from the public and suffer from social stress and personal development. However, as years pass by, laws were created to supervise the possibility of these children having lessons inside the comfortable environment where they could undertake there education. It was the law called LRE (Least Restrictive Environment), which made way for special children to be place in regular classes instead of having special classes which have been the traditional training for these atypical students. Several studies served as the backbone of this law and it quickly gained support in the year 1930s, when it was established, and in the year 1960s, when the rapid growth was formally announced as a breaking away from the traditional segregated self-piece practices (Dunn, 1968; Johnson 1962; Kirk 1964; Quay 1963). It was the concept of LRE that led way to the development of other laws such as IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Educational Act) which took care in improving the rights of special children in education so that they could experience normal lifestyle as far as possible. The aim of this paper is to explore the various possibilities in which inclusive education for the special children can be attained. It will cover the pros and cons of being in an inclusive education. It will also feature the outcomes of the surveys conducted

Debate from the point of view of Descartes and Searle Speech or Presentation

Debate from the point of view of Descartes and Searle - Speech or Presentation Example It is impossible to prove because mind is unreal. Rene Descartes: John Searle, my argument is based upon my thoughts. I am thinking, so I exist. See, my thought or the process of thinking proves that I am real and I exist. Why you people consider mind and body as a single unit? How can you prove that mind and body are same? I can prove that mind and body are different entities. At the same time, mind and body influence each other. Searle: We need not ponder upon the term ‘mind’ because it does not exist and it is unreal. Sir, you pointed out that mind and body influence each other. At the same time, why don’t you consider that mind is the part of body? I think the study of mind needs a satisfactory conclusion because we are arguing upon an imaginary thing without proof. When you say that the process of though proves the existence of mind, why can’t you say that the same process of thought proves that thought is an inseparable part of brain, which is real? Descartes: For the sake of argument, please think that you do not exist in this world. You cannot prove your argument because you are real. From a different angle of view, your thought or argument is totally against your existence. To be specific, your argument that you are unreal (say, your imagination based upon your mind) proves that you are thinking. At the same time, you are totally aware of the fact that you are not unreal because your physical body is here.

Zenecas DTC Advertising of Nolvadex Essay Example for Free

Zenecas DTC Advertising of Nolvadex Essay Zeneca is largest pharmaceutical and agricultural/industrial chemical company in United States. In 1999 breast cancer was the most frequent diseases were found in American women, about 175,000 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed and about 43,500 women were died due to the breast cancer. According to the breast cancer prevention trial (BCPT), 45% reduction in breast cancer cases came through the use of Nolvadex. In November 1998 due to the new indications from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the use of Nolvadex, Zeneca had decided to start direct to consumer advertisement campaign for Nolvadex. Findings In finding report will find over all performance of Zenecas advertisement campaign. This report will also look at the ethical issues which were raised in the case study, issues which were raised by activist groups and recommendations for managing the activists protests. 1. 1-Uncertainties from medical o Lack of sufficient data form breast cancer preventing trial physicians were worried about the side effects of Nolvadex, because the women who have high risk of breast cancer who might die if they do not take drug but for healthy women Nolvadex were not suitable from their point of view. According to physicians past experiences, Nolvadex lowered the breast cancer risk in women age 35 or more but increase the risk of other diseases in healthy women like endometrial cancer and other minor side effects like blood clots in the legs and lungs, hot flashes flushing, irregular menstrual periods, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, loss of appetite, vomiting and irritation of skin around the vagina. o Same studies like breast cancer preventing trial came from British and Italian studies which failed to show that tamoxifne was associated with a cancer risk reduction benefit They give assurance that women can both learn and control their risk, when, in fact, the risk model that is being promoted by Zeneca has been rightfully criticized by biostatisticians. The drug that Zeneca is promoting is one whose short tern benefits in healthy women are in question, and whose long term risks among healthy women are still unknown. o Some doctors were argued that side effect was too serious to prescribe for women who did not have breast cancer. They were asking to add more advisability of using the drug to lower the risk of breast cancer. These physicians wanted to wait for more data regarding Nolvadex and comparing trial of Nolvadex with Eli Lillys Evista which some believed that safer then Zenecas Nolvadex. 1. 2-Uncertainties from regulatory o According to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) there were some problem with exact language that contained in the new labelling e. g. Zeneca wanted to use word Prevention for describing the Nolvadex but FDA was not agree because labelling was lack of enough data on what happened to the women in the study after five years of treatment FDA was disagreed with Zenecas ads. because they were lack of brief summary regarding the risk and other information about Nolvadex. They wanted to disclose those information in advertising campaign o Zeneca had made the video for unbranded advertisement which was included full information of breast cancer and about Nolvadex but FDA had argued that video was heavily branded and lack of fair balance between benefits and risks of Nolvadex o Zeneca was required to include a four-part disclaimer (including side effects) when ever the word Nolvadex comes in video FDAs Division of Drug Marketing, Advertising and Communication (DDMAC) reviewed the information material in advertising campaign and determine that they are false or misleading and lacking fair balance and they are full of product and in violation of the Act for the above reasons o Zeneca was failed to discuss the Gail Model Risk Assessment Tool in the print advertisement or brochure which damage the importance of an accurate risk assessment and side effects. Due to lack of mortality data FDA approved the Nolvadex for women at high risk of breast cancer but did not approved it for use as a breast cancer prevention agent and they refer Nolvadex as a risk reduction therapy 1. 3-Zenecas decisions on DTC campaign When Zeneca decided to do the DTC campaign for Nolvadex, they had done some research before advertising campaign but this research only focusing on womens thinking about breast cancer. They did not involve patients, physician, advocacy group and activist groups in ad campaign. Another draw back came from The Food and Drug Administrations regulation and guide lines which were keep changing during the development of direct to consumer advertising campaign. FDAs guide lines were influencing the Zenecas decisions on advertisement campaign. They were trying to follow FDAs regulations but other side they had ignored physicians and activist groups during the development of DTC advertisement campaign and later Zenecas campaign was concern by these independent groups. They had tried to make branded ad but due to the regulatory it was required full information regarding drug. They were feared that if they disclosed the information regarding drugs benefit and risk it would affect the advertisement effectiveness. Thats why they decided not do the branded advertisement. Zenecas unbranded advertisement was less concern by regulatory in terms of disclosing drugs information but more concern by activist groups because of incomplete information. Also assumptions in advertisement were not appropriately taken into consideration e. g. women care their body shape more then health or you can only get breast cancer if you have family history which were concerned by regulatory and activist groups. In brief Zeneca had taken inappropriate decision regarding DTC advertisement campaign. They did not involved patients, physicians, distributors and advocacy groups before developing DTC campaign. They had followed the rules and regulations of FDA but failed to take physicians, patients and activist groups in confidence.

The Depths of Fear: Peter Benchley Essays -- Authors

The world’s oceans, they cover a great majority of our planet. According to scientists, we know more about the surface of the moon than we do about what’s in the waters of our own planet. Even with advancing science we still don’t know very much about them. So imagine what it was like back around the 1970’s, it was already a time of great fear, and to some extent, paranoia in the United States with the threat of nuclear war and multiple other new threats emerging. Surprisingly, although it was known that there were dangerous things in the sea, nobody seemed to pay that much mind to it. All that changed when a man named Peter Benchley wrote a book called Jaws. This book, the resulting movie, and his literary works to follow opened up a new aspect that no one had ever thought of. It was a new breed of terror that came from the last place anyone ever had expected, the ocean itself. It is because of this book that Peter Benchley really became a household name. Born May 8th, 1940 in New York, NY he was raised in a family of writers. His father Nathaniel Benchley was a known writer of children’s books and his grandfather was a well-known humorist named Robert Benchley. He spent his childhood writing and even got paid in his teens to write during his vacations. He got a very formal writer’s education studying at Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and attaining his major in English from Harvard. He wrote a sort of autobiography of himself as his very first published book entitled Time and a Ticket in 1964. Before he even got to the ideas for the books he’s now famous for, he spent time in several other writing positions including some for the Washington Post, Newsweek, and he even served as a speech writer for President Lyndon B. ... ... over the course of his life, Peter Benchley passed away in February 2006, the legacy ending of the man who made generations afraid to get in the water. Works Cited Swann, Christopher. "Peter Benchley: Overview." Contemporary Popular Writers. Ed. Dave Mote. Detroit: St. James Press, 1997. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 Mar. 2012 The Wilson Quarterly. 30.2 (Spring 2006) p120. Word Count: 155. From Literature Resource Center. "Peter Benchley." (2007): n. page. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2007-A-Co/Benchley-Peter.html Benchley, Peter. The Beast. Random House, 1991. Print. Benchley, Peter. Shark Trouble. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2003. Print. Benchley, Peter. White Shark. Random House, 1994. Print. "Biography for Peter Benchley." n.pag. Web. 5 Apr 2012. . The Depths of Fear: Peter Benchley Essays -- Authors The world’s oceans, they cover a great majority of our planet. According to scientists, we know more about the surface of the moon than we do about what’s in the waters of our own planet. Even with advancing science we still don’t know very much about them. So imagine what it was like back around the 1970’s, it was already a time of great fear, and to some extent, paranoia in the United States with the threat of nuclear war and multiple other new threats emerging. Surprisingly, although it was known that there were dangerous things in the sea, nobody seemed to pay that much mind to it. All that changed when a man named Peter Benchley wrote a book called Jaws. This book, the resulting movie, and his literary works to follow opened up a new aspect that no one had ever thought of. It was a new breed of terror that came from the last place anyone ever had expected, the ocean itself. It is because of this book that Peter Benchley really became a household name. Born May 8th, 1940 in New York, NY he was raised in a family of writers. His father Nathaniel Benchley was a known writer of children’s books and his grandfather was a well-known humorist named Robert Benchley. He spent his childhood writing and even got paid in his teens to write during his vacations. He got a very formal writer’s education studying at Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire and attaining his major in English from Harvard. He wrote a sort of autobiography of himself as his very first published book entitled Time and a Ticket in 1964. Before he even got to the ideas for the books he’s now famous for, he spent time in several other writing positions including some for the Washington Post, Newsweek, and he even served as a speech writer for President Lyndon B. ... ... over the course of his life, Peter Benchley passed away in February 2006, the legacy ending of the man who made generations afraid to get in the water. Works Cited Swann, Christopher. "Peter Benchley: Overview." Contemporary Popular Writers. Ed. Dave Mote. Detroit: St. James Press, 1997. Literature Resource Center. Web. 29 Mar. 2012 The Wilson Quarterly. 30.2 (Spring 2006) p120. Word Count: 155. From Literature Resource Center. "Peter Benchley." (2007): n. page. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2007-A-Co/Benchley-Peter.html Benchley, Peter. The Beast. Random House, 1991. Print. Benchley, Peter. Shark Trouble. Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2003. Print. Benchley, Peter. White Shark. Random House, 1994. Print. "Biography for Peter Benchley." n.pag. Web. 5 Apr 2012. .

I am Filipino Essay

Every race around the world has different culture and beliefs and in that difference sometimes they even fight because of that contrast. One of the races known around the world is the Filipino. The Filipino people (Filipino: Mamamayang Pilipino) or Filipinos are an ethnic group native to the islands of the Philippines. According to the 2010 Census, there were 92,337,852 in the Philippines and about 10-12 million living outside the Philippines. There are around 180 languages spoken in the Philippines, most of them belonging to the Austronesian language family, with Tagalog and Cebuano having the greatest number of native speakers. The official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English and most Filipinos are bilingual or trilingual. The Philippines was a Spanish colony for over 300 years, leaving what can now be called Filipino culture and people semi-Hispanicized. Under Spanish rule, most of the Filipino populace embraced Roman Catholicism, yet revolted many times to its hierarchy. Due to a colonial program, almost all inhabitants adopted Spanish surnames from the Catalogo alfabetico de apellidos published in 1849 by the Spanish colonial government. As neither past governments nor the modern National Statistics Office account for the racial background of an individual, the exact percentage of Filipinos with Spanish ancestry is unknown. What is being a Pinoy all about–aside from pointing with our lips and having an action star for our President? It’s our character. Filipinos are carry many qualities which set them apart as people. One of that characteristic is the strong belief of the Supreme Being or also known as Faith of God. Filipino may have different religions in different sectors of our country, but what is consistent is that we have one strong form of faith in the Supreme Being. Supreme being also known as God/Diyos for Christians or in Islamic as Allah, sometimes called as Bathala, Kabunian, Ginoo, and others. We Filipino are also known as respectful because of the great respect for our elders. Other countries call their elders by their name but here in Philippnes we used Kuya, Ate, Lola, Lolo, Tito, Tita, Mama, Papa and more. From the â€Å"mano† to saying â€Å"po† and â€Å"opo† to our elders, these words that are part of our language show how we respect people. In our culture we always respect and follow what our parents and adults advise us to do. Not talking back, and trusting the adults around us has always been a part of who we are. One of the examples of the respect is following the beliefs by our elderly. Traditional Pilipino values have clearly influenced beliefs and practices pertaining to child rearing, medical care, disability, and death and dying. Each of these areas is detailed in the following sections with respect to more traditional views. Formal studies of Pilipino child-rearing beliefs and practices have shown considerable consistency in their findings (Church, 1986). Moreover, the specific socialization patterns and training for desirable childhood traits and behaviors (particularly during infancy/toddlerhood and early childhood) are highly consistent with other Asian cultural groups. However, Pilipino child-rearing beliefs and practices are reinforced within a traditional family structure and 1 extended family system with characteristic similarities and differences relative to other Asian cultures. Filipinos are also having close family ties. We enjoy having and knowing family members are around us. From cousins, aunts, uncles and grandparents, some family’s share their homes celebrate holidays and lends a hand to a relative in times of need. The complete centrality of family life and the importance of family loyalty, obligation, and interdependence are previously described. These values are supported by a family structure and kinship ties that reflect the multicultural Pilipino heritage. Having withstood Hispanic Catholic influence, the ancient Malay tradition of equality between men and women translates into a bilateral extended kinship system. Both the mother’s and father’s lineages are of equal importance. Thus, for example, names may be inherited through the male line or both the father’s and mother’s family name; it is not unusual for the mother’s maiden name to be given as a child’s middle name. Inheritance patterns further call for equal division between daughters and sons (Aquino, 1981; UPAC, 1980). The Filipinos are a helpful people. They live the members of their family, their relatives, neighbors, friends and even strangers. If the family is poor, the members help one another and the elders sacrifice for the education of the younger ones. The bayanihan spirit makes it possible for the people to build houses, move houses, plant crops, harvest crops, build roads and other things with little expense. The people of the community help one another in doing this. Bayanihan is also an occasion for fun because it brings the people of the community together. It means getting together or helping one another in a common project or work. Many hands make light work is the idea behind the bayanihan. When we have people visit our homes, we always welcome them with smiles, conversations, and foods. This is one of the most popular qualities of Filipinos. Foreigners who have gone to the Philippines find themselves falling in love for their hospitality. It’s a different kind of values which already existed thousands of years ago. Examples of hospitality that they show not only to foreign but also to their fellow citizens. This is observed when one person has nothing and they tend to share what they have to them. When one visits a friend’s house, they greet them with a very warm welcome. They let their visitor sit down and prepare them a meal or a snack plus drinks for them. They may not want you leave the house with an empty stomach. They make sure you had a great time visiting them. They offer their guest room to their visitors if they’re going to spend the night with them. Meals offered are very special, if not, they make a way to prepare great tasting food that their visitor wanted to eat. Majority of our livelihood in the Philippines is based on agriculture. It takes a lot of back-breaking work to plant the fields. Them it takes patience to care, water and to harvest. We Filipinos are hardworking people to the fact that they are willing to work several time to almost whole day just to feed their families. That’s how Filipinos are. One example of a hardworking person is a farmer, they earn so little but still they tend to work very hard for few bucks. Filipinos always find ways to earn for a living like putting. 2 up a small business from their home wherein they sell foods or other items for the convenient of their neighbors as well. . During the times we don’t have means to accomplish something, we find ingenious ways f using what we have to solve our problems that’s why we are also known as resourceful and creative. And because we’ve been through a lot of trials in our history, Filipinos have learned not to be depress. Rather, we find jokes and have fun even during our difficulty. An Asiawide (minus Japan) consumer survey has found that Filipinos and Thais are the happiest in the region while people of Hongkong worry about their jobs, the economy and their waistlines. The survey was conducted before the outbreak of SARS in China and elsewhere. The survey report, made by the advertising group TBWA Hongkong, was based on focus groups and five major surveys over three years in seven Asian locations. There were more that 15,000 respondents with a bias towards those aged 25 to 35 who were thought to lead the culture in Asia. The report, titled â€Å"marketing Premium Brands in Asia†, said Hong Kong people scored minus 27 on the researchers’ happiness index, compared to minus six in Taiwan, minus two on the mainland, plus six in Singapore, 10 in Malaysia , 11 in Thailand and 12 in the Philippines. The index compared the number of people who classified themselves as â€Å"very happy or â€Å"happy† against those who said they were â€Å"unhappy† or â€Å"very unhappy†. Those who said they were â€Å"okay† were excluded. Filipinos were not only the happiest among those surveyed, but were also the least body-conscious. Only 18 percent regarded themselves as overweight compared with 47 percent of Hongkongers saying they were â€Å"too fat† or â€Å"a bit fat†. We also don’t like to waste anything since we don’t have a lot. We are careful of what we have, knowing that it will serve as for a long period time which also make us Filipinos thrifty and frugal. The Filipinos held their womenfolk in high regard. The women where highly respected. When walking together, men walked behind them. They were accorded equal rights to men by their customary laws, like they could own and inherit properties. They could also engage in trade and industry. The alone enjoyed the privilege of giving names to their children. When there was no male successor to become chief of barangay, a woman could become one. Filipinos are the sweetest and loving people in the world. I don’t know why, I’m not saying this because Im a Filipino but dude, you’ve got to know them well. Men are so sweet and romantic when it comes to love, they will send you flowers, bring you to a very romantic place, they text you sweet quotes and often tell you how special you are to them. Filipino women are also romantic and very caring, that makes foreigners want to marry a kind like them. Women tend to prepare dinner before their husband comes home. They are so loving that they value the relationship which make them so faithful to their husband. And they will love you for the fullest.

A notion of liberty has been thoroughly

Through all the history of the humankind a notion of liberty has been thoroughly researched by the philosophers, politicians and economists. It was often proclaimed to be the most valuable thing a person can possess, but sometimes it was pronounced the greatest enemy of social and political stability. Till nowadays the dwellers of our planet can not agree on the same handling of this notion. It’s impossible to solve this problem in a short essay, so it should be seen as an attempt to compare different views on this notion.The editors of the Merriam-Webster Dictionary of Law (1996) explain freedom as an â€Å"enjoyment of the rights enjoyed by others in a society free of arbitrary or unreasonable limitation or interference†. The authors of the WordNet 2.0 presume that liberty is â€Å"personal freedom from servitude or confinement or oppression†. As we can note, the word liberty has different meanings by itself, and driven through the alembic of fancy of everyone who’s interested in the question multiplies the amount of explanations for the notion many times. This is the fact that often causes incomprehension and misunderstandings during discussing it.Liberty has always been highly appreciated by the creative people, such as writers, poets, painters and sculptors etc. For most of them it is an essential condition for the effective work and for the peace of spirit and mind. David Hume notes, that â€Å"†¦the arts and sciences could never flourish, but in a free government†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1752) and many of the arist will completely agree with him, as freedom of thoughts and deeds is one of the most important things for them. It’s apparent that an artist cannot create anything of real value when his mind is shackled and when he is told what to do, think or dream about. The deprivation of liberty is often murderous for a creative person.But artists are not the only ones in need of freedom. Ordinary humans, the citizens of thei r countries also value the liberty highly. John J. Lalor says that it doesn’t take much effort to keep liberty within the bounds with the help of the self-respect, welfare and morality, even when it’s not limited legally. That sounds coherent, as the fact is known that the revolutions do not happen in societies where all of their members possess everything essential. People who have things they value do not rebel against the existing regime. The other way round, those who do not have anything to lose, are always ready to battle. This is the main reason for the dictatorial policy of the poor countries’ leaders.As you can see liberty is one of the vital things the government has to provide to its nation. But considering it, a dilemma appears, a question which was formulated by John Stuart Mill: â€Å"Ought we therefore to lay on no taxes, and, under whatever provocation, make no wars?†(1869). Sure enough it is problematic for the government and folk to reac h consensus on where the personal liberty has to give place to the civil duty. The cabinet gives people a right to choose their life-style, education and profession, but at the same time it makes them pay taxes, acquire some compulsory educational level, get the license for driving a car, and when the war comes all the men must go to protect their country from the invasion and occupation.As it was previously noted, not all the people agree on the meaning of the word liberty. Most think it is the right to do the things you want to do unless it doesn’t pinch the rights of the others. But some individuals presume that the liberty they possess gives them the right to do anything they desire, regardless of what other people think of their actions. Murray N. Rothbard asks: â€Å"What, for example, of â€Å"incitement to riot,† in which the speaker is held guilty of a crime for whipping up a mob, which then riots and commits various actions and crimes against person and prop erty?† Politicians, sociologists and social psychologist are still in search of an answer.It has always been a problem when the state is unable to provide its dweller with liberties declared. It often happens that if the person is not the member of the prevailing social, cultural or ethnical group his rights are strictly limited in spite of the existing laws designed to protect them. Bruce Smith in 1887 was sure that the effective majority had the right to do what it wanted to, and it was impossible for the individual to oppress its actions. More than hundred years passed but, ruefully, the situation hasn’t changed a lot.Liberty is not the stable thing that is presented you when you’re born and stays yours to the grave. You have to daily prove you’re worthy to possess it. At this point I agree totally with Bruce Smith who said: †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ principle of individual freedom—which†¦ fired the most noble-minded of our ancestors to rebel against t he tyranny of those who won, or inherited, the rights of that conquest—is in imminent danger of being lost to us, at the very hour of its consummation.†Different people value liberty for various reasons. For some of them it’s a warranty that their kids won’t be forced to vote for the person they despise, or pray the gods they do not worship. Some see their liberty in a right to kill and be killed, some want to born as much children as they can handle. It depends on the person really. Anthony Lee Gregory, the American journalist and writer says that liberty is the right to carry any weapon of your choice. You can choose between living your life for yourself and devoting it to the other people’s benefit, between bringing love or hatred to the world around you. So, it’s your turn to choose how to use the liberty you possess.Works citedMackay, Thomas, ed. various authors. (1891). Plea for Liberty: An Argument Against Socialism and Socialistic Leg islation, ch2, 6, New York: D. Appleton and Company Smith, Bruce. (1887).   Liberty and Liberalism: A Protest Against the Growing Tendency toward Undue Interference by the State, with Individual Liberty, Private Enterprise and the Rights of Property, 14, London: Longmans, Green, and Co. Hume, David. (1987). Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary, Part 1, Essay 12, Of Civil Liberty, n.dLalor, John J. (1899). Cyclopedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and the Political History of the United States by the Best American and European Writers, License and Liberty, v.2, p. 266,   New York: Maynard, Merrill, and Co. John Stuart Mill. (1965). On Liberty, ch.2, p.43, London: Longman, Roberts & Green Murray N. Rothbard. (1978). For a New Liberty: The Libertarian Manifesto, ch.6, p.63, Collier Books, New York Merriam-Webster Dictionary of Law (1996), Freedom, Retrieved October 29, 2004 from the World Wide Web: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/freedom WordNet 2.0. (2003), Retrieved October 29, 2004 from the World Wide Web:   http://www.dictionary.com/browse/liberty Anthony Lee Gregory. (2002). What is liberty?, October 29, 2004 from the World Wide Web:   http://www.anthonygregory.com/whatisliberty.html

Morpheus Wisdom Quotes From The Matrix

Morpheus Wisdom Quotes From The Matrix For some, The Matrix is just another sci-fi movie, a slick production from Hollywoods dream factory, but for those who appreciate the philosophy of The Matrix, it is a wake-up call. The movie is considered to be ahead of its time. It challenges our understanding of perspective, reality, illusion and many other intriguing concepts. These Matrix quotes are words of wisdom from Morpheus, Neos spiritual leader and guide. Morpheus Quotes About the Matrix The Matrix is a system, Neo. That system is our enemy. But when youre inside, you look around, what do you see? Businessmen, teachers, lawyers, carpenters. The very minds of the people we are trying to save. But until we do, these people are still a part of that system and that makes them our enemy. You have to understand, most of these people are not ready to be unplugged. And many of them are so inert, so hopelessly dependent on the system that they will fight to protect it. Unfortunately, no one can be told what the Matrix is. You have to see it for yourself. The Matrix is the world that has been pulled over your eyes to blind you from the truth. The Matrix is a computer-generated dream world, built to keep us under control in order to change a human being into this. [holding a copper-top D cell battery] Morpheus on Reality and Illusion What is real? How do you define real? This is your last chance. After this, there is no turning back. You take the blue pill- the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill- you stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit-hole goes. Im trying to free your mind, Neo. But I can only show you the door. Youre the one that has to walk through it. Have you ever had a dream, Neo, that you were so sure was real? What if you were unable to wake from that dream, Neo? How would you know the difference between the dream world and the real world? What you know you cant explain, but you feel it. Youve felt it your entire life, that theres something wrong with the world. You dont know what it is, but its there, like a splinter in your mind, driving you mad. If real is what you can feel, smell, taste and see, then real is simply electrical signals interpreted by your brain. Random Musings There is a difference between knowing the path and walking the path. Throughout human history, we have been dependent on machines to survive. Fate, it seems, is not without a sense of irony. We dont know who struck first, us or them. But we do know it was us that scorched the sky. At the time, they were dependent on solar power. It was believed they would be unable to survive without an energy source as abundant as the sun.

B Cells

B Cells B cells are white blood cells that protect the body against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Pathogens and foreign matter have associated  molecular signals that identify them as antigens. B cells recognize these  molecular signals and produce antibodies that are specific to the specific antigen. There are billions of B cells in the body. Unactivated B cells circulate in the blood until they come in contact with an antigen and become activated. Once activated, B cells produce the antibodies needed to fight against infection. B cells are necessary for adaptive or specific immunity, which focuses on the destruction of foreign invaders that have gotten past the bodies initial defenses. Adaptive immune responses are highly specific and provide long-lasting protection against the pathogens that elicit the response. B Cells and Antibodies B cells are a specific type of white blood cell called a lymphocyte. Other types of lymphocytes include T cells and natural killer cells. B cells develop from stem cells in bone marrow. They remain in the bone marrow until they become mature. Once they are fully developed, B cells are released into the blood where they travel to lymphatic organs. Mature B cells are capable of becoming activated and producing antibodies. Antibodies are specialized proteins  that travel through the bloodstream and are found in bodily fluids. Antibodies recognize specific antigens by identifying certain areas on the surface of the antigen known as antigenic determinants. Once the specific antigenic determinant is recognized, the antibody will bind to the determinant. This binding of the antibody to the antigen identifies the antigen as a target to be destroyed by other immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells. B Cell Activation On the surface of a B cell is a B cell receptor (BCR) protein. The BCR enables B cells to capture and bind to an antigen. Once bound, the antigen is internalized and digested by the B cell and certain molecules from the antigen are attached to another protein called a class II MHC protein. This antigen-class II MHC protein complex is then presented on the surface of the B cell. Most B cells are activated with the help of other immune cells. When cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells engulf and digest pathogens, they capture and present antigenic information to T cells. The T cells multiply and some differentiate into helper T cells. When a helper T cell comes in contact with the antigen-class II MHC protein complex on the B cells surface, the helper T cell sends signals that activate the B cell. Activated B cells proliferate and can either develop into cells called plasma cells or into other cells called memory cells. Plasma B Cells ​ These cells create antibodies that are specific to a specific antigen. The antibodies circulate in bodily fluids and blood serum until they bind to an antigen. Antibodies debilitate antigens until other immune cells can destroy them. It can take up to two weeks before plasma cells can generate enough antibodies to counteract a specific antigen. Once the infection is under control, antibody production decreases. Some activated B cells form memory cells. Memory B Cells ​ This specified form of B cell enables the immune system to recognize antigens that the body has previously encountered. If the same type of antigen enters the body again, memory B cells direct a secondary immune response in which antibodies are produced more quickly and for a longer period of time. Memory cells are stored in the lymph nodes and spleen and can remain in the body for the life of an individual. If enough memory cells are produced while encountering an infection, these cells can provide life-long immunity against certain diseases. Sources Immune Cells and Their Products. NIAID National Institutes of Health. Updated 2008 October 02.Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002. Helper T Cells and Lymphocyte Activation.

2.Critically evaluate the suggestion that individuals can use leisure Essay

2.Critically evaluate the suggestion that individuals can use leisure and tourism to form and express their identity - Essay Example â€Å"The issue of identity is omnipresent in discourses on tourism - not only in academically informed discourses on tourism, but also in discourses from inside the tourism system, i.e. the local participants - as the contributions by Bras, Schlehe, Senft, and Venbrux exemplify.† (Dahles H, Meijl T, 1999) Everyone has the right to rest on a daily, weekly and yearly basis, and the right to the leisure time that enables them to develop every aspect of their personality and their social integration. Clearly, everyone is entitled to exercise this right to personal development. The right to tourism is a concrete expression of this general right, and social tourism is underpinned by the desire to ensure that it is universally accessible in practice. Studies of leisure and tourism can be located within the social sciences – we can understand tourism and leisure from psychological and sociological approaches. Psychology seeks to understand the individual – in tourism most studies surround the issue of motivation. Sociology seeks to understand societal influences on individual behaviour. Two main strands of sociology - structuralism (consensus and conflict theories) and social action theory (interactionism, phenomenology). Rise of consumption society - leisure and tourism as forms of consumption. An emic primacy given to lifestyle in participant accounts: Some would look at me as a bum; I would feel a bit sorry for them if they look at me like that. What’s really developed in my real lifestyle. (Max, English, 40, 17 years lifestyle travel [LT]) Travelling was so much introduced to me as a baby that it became much more of an option as a way of life. There’s no year in my life that hasn’t involved travel. This type of movement and constant change is very much a part of me and my lifestyle. (Tamara, Canadian/Indian, 34, 17 years LT) â€Å"Young people’s increased leisure opportunities can actually keep them in their parents’ house because they spend

Russells On Denoting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Russells On Denoting - Essay Example Russell (1905) claimed that Meinong’s theory had difficulties as it â€Å"regard denoting phrases as standing for constituents of the propositions in whose verbal expression they occur†¦ This theory regards any grammatically correct denoting phrase as standing for an object† (p 482). And the main difficulty of this theory was that it was â€Å"apt to infringe the law of contradiction† (p 483). Russell’s critiqued on Meinong’s theory raised three important points: first, on the concept of subsistence. Russell maintained that if we presupposed that ‘It is false that A differs from B’, then ‘the difference between A and B does not subsist’. However, in Meinong’s theory since a denoting phrase was standing for an object, then, the denoting phrase ‘the difference between A and B’ must stand for an object. Therefore, the ‘difference between A and B’ must subsist. In this case, the self-contra diction was made apparent. As it was affirmed that ‘the difference between A and B’ must subsist (Meinong’s theory), so too the preposition ‘the difference between A and B does not subsist’ is affirmed on the statement â€Å"It is false that A differs from B†. (Sutler 1967). The second counter-argument rests on the concept of existence. Take the example ‘The King of France is bald.’ Again, using Meinong’s theory, as grammatically correct denoting phrase stand for an object then the statement must be true. But it is a known fact, within the frame of a particular time the preposition ‘the King of France is bald.’ does not stand or signify for any object.

A topic on software testing Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

A topic on software testing - Thesis Proposal Example Modern systems and products are largely based on ‘embedded systems’ to facilitate control, action and enhanced functionality. In fact, embedded systems used in these scenarios comprise both hardware and software components that work in a highly customized framework to achieve a specific workflow or operation. Although embedded systems are sophisticated computers, they seldom share or provide a similar interface like PCs and are capable of providing a highly dedicated and distinct functionality based on their structure and configuration.A typical application of embedded systems is in precision-driven measurement and control systems, wherein a particular process or parameter such as temperature is constantly monitored and measured through sensors, converted and delivered as a stream of digital signals and processed to modulate the regulation of the underlying process (heat controlled according to predefined constraints). Embedded systems are also in vehicles to measure car bon emissions through a sensory arrangement and processed through a feedback controller network to store and monitor the condition of the engine (Rajski and Tyszer). Over the past few decades, embedded systems have become integral parts of every notable electronic system including safety-critical components. For instance, embedded systems are used to control sensitive and critical functions such as aircraft navigation and ensure failsafe availability of financial networks.

Impact of Obama on US Regulatory System

Impact of Obama on US Regulatory System Within the first few years when Obama was elected, there are certain things that he has done right, while there are things that he failed to reflect on the broader portion of society. Yet, one thing he is doing that almost no one noticed, even the liberals, is strengthening the countrys regulatory system. The U.S regulatory system has been heavily weakened by the previous Republican presidents, in order for businesses to soar without any interuptions. However, this seemed to be troubling as proven by the recession in 2008 where the global collapsed due to the inregulated big banks, such as, AIG, that were supposed to be overseen by regulators. The problem is that these regulators were paid by these banks, and one would imagine that these businesses were appointed specific regulators by the government, yet, it was not the case. Hence, these rating agencies and regulators were often understaffed or afraid of losing businesses that these banks had the chance to mess up badly. That is wh y Obama is looking to reform these regulatory agencies. The agencies created in the great reform periods (1901–1914, 1932–1938, and 1961–1972) were intended to regulate all the difficult aspects of the economy, i.e. corruption, polluted environment using their scientific knowledge. Because people in power believed back then that we could administrate our country using scientific methods, which would differentiate itself from prejudice and pressures from the lobbyists, the staffs of our regulatory came from social and natural science majors. The idea was heavily criticized as the staffs are often inadequate to response everchanging aspect of our economy. Many of our previous Presidents believed in this idea, it was not until 1980s when George W. Bush became the President, and the idea was ultimately challenged by the Republicans and his allies. All of the staffs were replaced with business executives, and lobbyists; which actually defeated the purpose of regulating based on scientific expertise. Most of the elected peo ple from the Republican Parties were often unfitted for their positions. One example is Edwin G. Foulke Jr, who was chosen to run the OSHA by Bush. It would have been perfectly fine, if it was not for the fact that Mr. Foulke was previously an enemy of the OSHA agency, and he had actively instructed companies on how to stop union organizations. Another fact is that these chosen candidates are often rendered useless to do their job. It is rather odd to see Jeffrey Holmstead appointed by Bush to run the Clean Air Act, even though he was a representative of the Chemical Manufacturers Association. One is then forced to question whether the purpose of appointing unfitted people for the jobs is to render the regulatory system useless. However, after Obama took the office, the candidates were more carefully selected and properly fitted for the job. For instance, Obama knew that state officials are often the ideal candidates to manage the regulatory system, because they know what the rules are and how they are enforced. That is why he chose several knowledgeable state environmental officials to be in charge of the EPA. Lisa Jackson was picked to run the agency, as she was a chemical engineer who also directed the New Jersy Department of Environmental Protection. Previous Republican Presidents didnt just weaken our regulatory system by choosing the wrong people, they also heavily reduced the agenciess financial plan. This ultimately forced the agencies to lay off employees, which then translates to poor inspections. The number of officers during George Bush time dropped thirty five percentages. What is the point of having regulatory rules if there are not enough inspectors to enforce the rules? Seemingly, that was ho w the Republicans wanted. With all of his efforts, Obama is undoing all the damages to our regulatory system, by having massive fundings to most of the regulatory agencies. In 2010, the EPA was funded with $10.5 billion dollars. Similarly, OSHAs budget increased by ten percentages in 2010, which permitted to employ another 130 inspectors. Remarkably, one important thing that Obama did was that he made it difficult for the Congress to obstruct these regulatory rules. The Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) was introduced 1981 under Reagans administration. It was created to oversee all the other agencys rules. It has the power to detain or put an end to a rule, if the costs exceed the benefits, which were subjective and elusive to measure. That is why the OIRA became an effective device for the Republicans to weaken the regulatory system. Currently, Obama appointed Cass Sunstein, a Harvard Law Professor to be in charge of the OIRA. Mr. Sunstein shifts the focus of OIRA from the costs-benefits pe rspective to taking care for our future generations. The regulating agencies are now once again functional.Mary Schapiro, appointed to run the SEC, made 1600 inspections on Wall Street money managers. Jon Leibowitz, chairman of the Federal Trade Commission, sued Intel from averting computers makers using non-Intel chips. Even though Clinton tried to bring back the regulatory agencies in 1993, but he was overwhelmed by the Republicans domination in the Congress. Things are fine at the moment, yet, history tends to repeat itself. The political power is divided between the executive, legislative and judicial branch. Within the executive branch, the President is the most powerful leader. The process of electing the President is difficult, as our Founding Fathers did not wish for the President to be elected directly from the people. The idea of electing the President from a popular vote seemed too democratic or in another words, chaotic, as it would create imbalances between different classes of society. That is why the Electoral College was created. The numbers of Electoral College in each state depend on the numbers of members of Congress that state has. For instance, California has 55 electoral votes, while Wyoming has only 3 electoral votes. Having the Electoral College was not only meant to restore balances, but also to distribute the candidatess deficient amount of time and money, i.e, the candidates would concentrate their political campaigns on battlegrounds states instead of swing states, as George Bush did in 2004, where he ignored California, as results showed he was hopelessly behind. However, as practical as the idea seems, there were certain circumstances where the candidate received Presidency without having the majority of popular vote, such as, in 2000, even though George Bush received 500,000 less votes than Al Gore, he still managed to become the President by having the majority in electoral votes. Seemingly, this means one person vote is not practically equal to another, which ultimately challenges our fundamental idea of democracy, where one person is politically equal to another. The President is paid in salary annually. However, the Presidents compensation is often smaller compared to other companiess CEO. This reflects on the basic idea of capitalism where the President of a public sector is compensated less than other private sectors. This allows private ownerships to thrive, and reduce the publics cynicism about possible corruption.The powers of the President listed in the Constitution are the power to veto legislation passed by the Congress, to perform as the commander in chief of the armed forces, execute the laws, pardon criminals, make treaties, call Congress into special session, appoint government officials, and recognize foreign governments. But, it is safe to say that the Presidents powers may vary greatly depending on the circumstances. To expand on this thought, the President does not have the power to declare war, the Congress does (as specified in the Constitutions). Yet as proven in the Iraq war in 2001, Bush deployed 200,000 American troops into the war without the permission of the Congress. Only after the troops have arrived, he asked for their permissions, which proved to be completely useless. Furthermore, Bush advanced by freezing assets of suspected criminals involving the 9/11 incidents, and arrested people based on suspictions without any evidences. This was not challenged by the Congress since the issue was sensitive, and no one wanted to be remembered by being on the opposing team. The Presidents public image is equally important. By regular appearances on TV, Bush managed to convince 7/10 Americans that Saddam Hussein was involved in the 9/11 attack without having any supported evidences. Presidents often have different styles that they wish to operate with. Seemingly, John F. Kennedy appeared to be overconfident, while Lyndon Johnson was completely opposite. Reagons office was always a mess as he didnt pay attention to details; yet, he was excellent at communicating his idea to the public to the point none exceeded him. On the contrary, Jimmy Carter paid extremely close attention to details, which was a training that he obtained as an engineer. Clinton allowed his team to exercise their creativity and freedom in performing tasks, while Bush enjoyed restrictions and obidience. The President is elected to be a leader. They are elected to inspire change, to reach for a greater good. Their powers are shared between the Congress and the Judicial System, where the checks and balances remind them where they need to be. Hence there were times when the Congress and the President were alligned in the same page (Vietnam War), yet, naturally, the system was designed so that the Congress will always challenge the Presidents actions, vice versa. With the U.S raising as a super power, so are the Presidents political resources. At the same time, he is always challenged by interest group, lobbyists pursuing their ways that are often difficult for the President to overcome their obstacles. The Presidents goals are then to remain initiative when it comes to the interests of capital at home, and preserve coroparates interests overseas.

Mirroring an Exposed World :: Dance Dancing Art Papers

Mirroring an Exposed World I recently saw a photography piece, "Dancer" by Irving Penn on exhibit at the Whitney Museum. The striking thing about the photos was not that they were of a nude Alexandra Beller, but that hers is not what one would typically think of as a naked dancer's body. She's not tall and thin with well-defined muscles and barely developed breasts. No. She's fat. Beller took a big risk posing nude for Penn's camera. She dared people to see her as a dancer, not just a fat woman. She dared people to see her as a sex symbol, not just a fat woman. She dared people to see her as an emotional woman- sensitive, powerful, frightened, bold, shy, loving, rebellious. She owns her body, and she challenges the audience to own their hesitation and move past it to see her exposed for the woman she really is. The exhibit made me immediately curious about Beller and her work. Formerly dancing with Bill T. Jones' company, Beller is now choreographing her own works. When I heard she would be presenting her latest work, It's Not You, It's Me at the Joyce Soho, I got out my umbrella and waited for over an hour in a standby line to see her perform. My friends had teased me for wanting to see Beller's show, saying "Wouldn't it be weird. I mean you saw her naked," and "Do you think she'll dance naked too?" But that was one of the reasons I wanted to see the show. I really identified with Beller in many ways. I was deeply impressed with her confidence to pose nude in the first place. Obesity, seen as repulsive, is despised at best, yet politely ignored. But Beller will not be ignored. I wondered what it was that gave her this confidence in her body. And I wondered what she would express with her body in her dance works. I was compelled by the risks she had taken with Penn, and compelled to see what else she would risk. When I saw It's Not You, It's Me, particularly the last piece, 50 Ways to Find a Mate, I was bombarded by feelings of pain, sadness, confusion that come with rejection, insecurities that are connected with bodies and body images. I got the feeling that Beller, though a beautiful and talented dancer is still an imperfect woman who struggles with her self-confidence, especially in romantic relationships.

Education Systems Around the World Essay

The United States excels in the creative aspect of schooling whereas Chinese students are much better at receiving direct instruction. Japanese students have very high test scores and a very high university attendance, but in Australia more students go into vocational schools or the workforce after high school. (Noel 99,102,103)The differences of education systems in the United States, China, Japan and Australia have created testable strengths and weaknesses. No country has found a perfect balance but each system has evolved to create workers suited to its respective nation. The United States is predominantly influenced by creativity but not as strongly in math and science. Expansions upon creative thought have brought in new products introduced to the market. (Noel, 36) In U. S. President Barack Obama’s State of the Union Address, Obama emphasizes the importance of specialized creative schools and additional funding of the arts in K-12 public schools, which was spelled out in his the â€Å"Reinvestment of Arts Education† Plan. Obama states, â€Å"The first step in winning the future is encouraging American innovation. None of us can predict with certainty what the next big industry will be or where the new jobs will come from. Thirty years ago, we couldn’t know that something called the internet would lead to an economic revolution. What we can do –– what America does better than anyone else –– is spark the creativity and imagination of our people. But if we want to win the future then we also have to win the race to educate our kids†¦ And so the question is whether all of us –– as citizens, and as parents –– are willing to do what’s necessary to give every child a chance to succeed. † (Noel, 65) The U.S. President sees the specialization, the pronounced freedom of creativity that America has been able to maintain for many years and how they have benefitted from it. The promotion of this frame of mind will allow ideas to surge and new technologies continue to be made. Although America is pleased with all this innovation, the United States consistently test low in both math and science compared to other nations. Notable author, Douglas Noel reports that the average scores of American students in international comparisons have â€Å"†¦often been below the average of developed countries. It the OECD’s Program for International Student Assessment 2003, 15 year olds ranked 24th of 38 in mathematics, 19th of 38 in science, 12th of 38 in reading, and 26th of 38 in problem solving. † (Noel 80, 81, 82) With the majority of American students so far behind it is cause for concern as to whether the U. S. will continue to falter and what impact it will have on the future. Part of the problem with high schools is that with such a large country it is going to be that much more difficult to maintain a moderate academic curriculum. This problem was attempted to be solved with the â€Å"No Child Left Behind† Act but it is still inconclusive whether it is effective or not. (Noel, pp. 70) Dr. Schmidt, who oversees the research effort into the TIMSS results, says the actual cause for the failures appears to be weak math and science curricula in U. S. middle schools. He explains, â€Å"The public schools lack focus; instead of concentrating on education, they dabble in social re-engineering†. Not only are public schools the general blame but so are the curricula, the teacher and even the textbooks. But there is some good news; despite the â€Å"bad grades† in comparison to the world the United States makes up for their low-testing high schools with 19 of the top 25 universities in the world. People from around the world come to American Universities to become some of the most influential thinkers in the world. The immigration of intelligent people in the form of students from various other countries is, said by Bill Gates, to be â€Å"†¦our most powerful import. † (Noel 4, 5, 10, 77, 80) Although the United States lacks in math and science it is gung-ho in innovative fields, we see the complete opposite pros and cons experienced in China. The education foundation in China has been reformed since the rise of Deng Xiaoping (1978-89) and made significant progress; however, the large population of China produces great promise as well as great concern. (Chinese Education & Society) Since the end of the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), the education system in China has been geared toward economic modernization. The Great Leap Forward (1958–60) and the Socialist Education Movement (1962–65) sought to end deeply rooted academic elitism, to narrow social and cultural gaps between workers and peasants and between urban and rural populations, and to â€Å"rectify† the tendency of scholars and intellectuals to disdain manual labor. During the Cultural Revolution, universal fostering of social equality was an overriding priority. The post-Mao Zedong Chinese Communist Party leadership viewed education as the foundation of China. The reorientation of educational priorities paralleled Deng Xiaoping’s strategy for economic development. For this reason the Central Government has prioritized basic education as a key field of infrastructure construction and educational development. (Zhang) The Chinese government’s aim for the development of China’s basic education system was to approach or attain the level of moderately-developed countries by 2010, of which has been accomplished. Chinese higher education has continued to evolve. Since the late 1980s, tremendous economic development in China has stimulated reforms in higher education that have resulted in remarkable improvements. (Chinese Education and Society) The UNESCO world higher education report of June 2003 pointed out that the student population of China’s schools of higher learning had doubled in a very short period of time and had become the world’s largest. (Agelasto) In the beginning of the Enlightenment period, European science began to explode with new inventions and ideas. By this time, China had already invented the first compass, printing press and use of gunpowder (which were used for fireworks). (Chinese Education & Society) Today, there is not much to be said in terms of new technology in China. Much of the new tech now comes from the United States and Japan. (Noel, 3) Nonetheless, China does have the advantage (and disadvantage) of an enormous population. Innovative ideas and technology have not been prominent in China’s recent years. (Agelasto) With a population of over one billion people, China needs to find a way to bridge the productivity gap between emerging markets and the developed world; to truly transform themselves into innovative, energetic economies. Professor Xu Jialu, director of the College of Chinese. Language and Culture at Beijing University, told a meeting of university presidents in Hong Kong that China had achieved great success over the past 30 years. Jialu states, â€Å"Our overall economic output, which is fundamental to social advancement, is already ranked third in the world,† he said, â€Å"However, to sustain this extraordinary economic growth, China needs to nurture huge additional numbers of creative and talented people to maintain economic proficiency. † (Xue) China’s history and economy are what have shaped their education systems. China has transcended itself from a richly inventive, educated society to a Communist standard of economic modernization. Now that they have achieved an ideal economy, education will most likely be reformed again to the forefront; just as the tiny island to their East has done – Japan. Japan marvels its education prowess but has Japanese students stressing to meet high standards. Without including the devastating effects of the recent Earthquake-Tsunami incident that occurred in the spring of 2011, Japan has maintained extraordinarily high test results while enjoying a technologically advanced society. Japan continuously ranks the top 5 in international test scores. (Noel, 88) The test scores remain high because their primary and secondary schooling is decidedly efficient. As of 2005, more than 2. 8 million students were enrolled in 726 universities. (Gainey) The influx of students is explained through the emphasis on the importance of University level instruction. The Japanese workforce is now better equipped to manage career-related problems that require higher thought. As with all good things, the advancements have come at a great cost. In Japan, suicide is the leading cause of death among men aged 20-44 and women 15-34. Suicide in Japan is also somewhat romanticized as a traditional way of preserving one’s honor and avoiding shame. (Noel, 76) The National Police Agency informs that suicides in Japan topped 30,000 for the ninth consecutive year in 2006. In their suicide notes, 91 of them mentioned problems at school, an increase of 28. 2 percent from 2005 — the largest number since 1998 when the survey of this category began. (Gainey) With or without suicide notes, police attributed school-related problems to 242 suicides, nine more than in 2005. (Gainey) For many children, school has become a stressful environment to survive in. The social pressures to succeed help many students to succeed but the pressure is too much for others. Many countries strive for educational excellence whereas countries such as Australia are of a more relaxed nature. The educational system in Australia is a radical contrast to its Asian counterparts. Rather than attending a university, vocational training has become the beacon of education for students in Australia. Schooling beyond vocational training is difficult, costly and highly ostracized. (Horin) The training for vocational jobs requires less education than four year degree programs. They are also significantly less expensive – less than half of the cost of any of their Universities. Aussie student enrollment in a bachelor’s degree program spiked at 27% in 2010 while vocational enrollment maintains a continuous rise from 31% in 2000 to 35% in 2010. (Australia’s Guide to Education) This continuous incline of vocational training communicates the direction of progression of Australia’s youth, where the requirement of a bachelor’s degree appears to be unneeded in their society. Unfortunately, reports of low standards of education are on par with uneducated societies. 25% of Australian students do not complete grade 12 in Australia compared to 20 percent in the other 18 comparable countries such as Canada, Ireland, Austria, and Iceland. Scholastic apathy is hurting their workforce because considering the frequency in the number of high school drop outs every year they will see the rise of a serious problem emerging. The students that leave go to find jobs only to find more and more being taken by their fellow dropout colleagues. (Horin)Whether or not Australia is moving to make changes is unclear but once the dip shows itself evermore significant there will likely be public intervention which would be either expand the Australian job market or find a way to keep their students in the classrooms. We see that each country holds its own scholastic emphasis. The United States imports some of the best thinkers in the entire world. As China’s economy rises, its large population of workers stays busy generating revenue to invest more into education for the future. Japan has ranked the elite in scores by making education top priority. Australia currently enjoys significantly fewer educational burdens without much consequence in getting a job. Whether it is the progression of creative thought or early-on vocational training all these countries have their own specific sets of academic values specifically designed to best suit their current endeavors. Works Cited Agelasto, Michael. Higher Education in Post-Mao China. Hong Kong University Press, 1998. ISBN 9622094503. Print. 1 October, 2011. The quality of Chinese education and its advantages and disadvantages in economic prowess and student development. 2. â€Å"Educational Systems in Australia. † Australia’s Guide to Education. Nov. 2006. Web. 25 Sept. 2011. . Includes primary and secondary education in Australia and comparative statistics in contrast to other countries such as the United States. Also talks about vocational training programs. 3. Gainey, Peter. â€Å"The Japanese Education System: Globalisation and International Education. † Advanced Placement Source. EBSCO, Sept. 2002. Publication. 1 Oct. 2011. An overview of Japan’s education system and the impact on its students. Specifies the difficulties of secondary education and above. Horin, Adele. â€Å"Must try harder: Australia’s inequitable education system. † Sydney Morning Herald, The 02 Dec. 2006: 31. Newspaper Source Plus. EBSCO. Web. 17 Oct. 2011. An investigation of Australia’s education system which focuses on the lack of quality of education, including vocational school and international education/vocational training quality. 5. Noel, Douglas. Impact of Social Reform and Education on Sociological Development: a Comparison Of Education Systems Around the World. [S. l. ]: Xlibris, 2010. Print. 25 Sept. 2011. Compares education systems in every major country. Gives insight to literacy statistics, test scores and controversy. Asserts the notion of â€Å"better† or â€Å"needs improvement† comparisons against some countries, the United States, being one of low ratings. 6. â€Å"Various Documents Related to Chinese Education. † Chinese Education & Society 39, no. 6 (November 2006): 45-66. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost. Database. 25 Sept. 2011. The history of education in China. Over the years, China has had to reform its education system many times due to emperor dynasties, the Japanese invasion of Nanjing and the Communist Revolution. Even in the present many changes are being made. 7. Xue, Xing Hua Da. â€Å"Chinese Education & Society. † Education Research Complete. EBSCO, Nov. 2006. Article publication. 25 Sept. 2011. Chinese education and how it statistically compares to other countries such as the United States and Japan. It also relates to Chinese student frustrations in academic curriculum. Zhang, Yu. â€Å"Private Education in China: Issues and Prospects† Perspectives, Volume 4, No. 4, Dec. 31, 2003. Print. 25, Sept. 2011. The history of China and their education system from Communist China to present day and informs readers its current position in the world economy as a reliable result of Deng Xiopeng’s reformation.